Myanmar's Military Pushes Forward with Second Phase of Elections Amid Ongoing Civil War

Myanmar’s military has commenced the second phase of elections despite ongoing civil conflict that has gripped the country since last year’s coup. The polls, organized under the junta’s authority, have drawn widespread condemnation from opposition groups and international observers, who question the legitimacy of the process amid widespread violence and political unrest. As fighting continues between military forces and resistance factions, this election phase underscores the deep challenges facing Myanmar’s path toward stability and democratic governance.

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Myanmar Military Advances Second Phase of Contested Elections Despite Ongoing Civil War

Despite widespread resistance and ongoing violent clashes, Myanmar’s military has pushed forward with the controversial second phase of its election process. This move has drawn sharp criticism from both local opposition groups and the international community, who argue that holding elections under martial law and amidst civil war jeopardizes democratic principles and risks deepening the nation’s turmoil. Several regions remain engulfed in conflict, where armed resistance groups continue to contest the military’s authority, disrupting voter turnout and election logistics.

Official reports highlight that the military has deployed additional forces to secure polling stations, while promising increased transparency and security. However, observers note significant obstacles, including:

Intimidation and suppression of opposition candidates and supporters
Restricted access to certain townships due to ongoing hostilities
Communication blackouts hampering independent monitoring efforts

Region	Status of Election Phase 2	Security Level
Chin State	Delayed	High Conflict
Kachin State	Ongoing	Moderate
Shan State	Partial Completion	High Conflict
Yangon	Completed	Low Conflict

Impact of Continued Conflict on Voter Turnout and Electoral Legitimacy

Ongoing violence and instability have severely undermined voter participation, with many citizens either displaced or too fearful to engage in the polls. Reports indicate that in conflict-ridden areas, turnout has plummeted drastically compared to previous elections, casting doubt over the representativeness of the results. The shadow of armed clashes and military crackdowns looms large, prompting international observers and local activists alike to question whether the election outcomes can truly reflect the will of the people.

Restricted access: Many regions remain inaccessible due to active fighting, preventing election officials from conducting free and fair voting.
Displacement impact: Hundreds of thousands internally displaced, disrupting voter registration and polling station reach.
Intimidation tactics: Instances of coercion and military presence at polling sites raise concerns about the impartiality of the process.

Region	Reported Turnout	Conflict Intensity
Rakhine	18%	High
Kachin	22%	High
Yangon	45%	Low
Mandalay	38%	Medium

The legitimacy of the electoral process is further eroded by widespread allegations of vote suppression and manipulation, with opposition parties and civil society groups decrying the lack of transparency. International watchdogs have voiced concern that the military’s continuing grip over key administrative functions during the civil war compromises the integrity of voter lists and ballot counting. These conditions fuel skepticism about whether the elections serve as a genuine path to democracy or merely reinforce the military’s hold on power.

Strategies for International Stakeholders to Support Democratic Processes Amid Crisis

International actors play a critical role in reinforcing democratic resilience during periods of intense instability. Ensuring the transparency and fairness of electoral processes in conflict zones requires a multifaceted approach, including robust monitoring mechanisms and diplomatic pressure aimed at preventing electoral manipulation. Moreover, targeted sanctions against military leaders responsible for undermining democracy can serve as a deterrent, while simultaneously providing humanitarian aid channels that support civilians without empowering authoritarian factions.

Effective engagement by global stakeholders should also prioritize:

Facilitating dialogue between conflicting parties to encourage peaceful resolution and promote inclusive governance.
Advocating for civil society groups and marginalized voices to participate in democratic processes.
Investing in digital security tools that protect voters, activists, and journalists from surveillance and repression.

Strategy

Objective

Expected Impact

Election Observation Missions

Ensure vote integrity

Increase credibility of results

Sanctions & Diplomacy

Pressure military leadership

Reduce authoritarian influence

Support for Civil Society

Empower grassroots movements

In Retrospect

As Myanmar’s military proceeds with the second phase of elections amid ongoing conflict and widespread unrest, the nation’s future remains uncertain. Observers continue to question the legitimacy and fairness of the electoral process under military control, while clashes between armed groups and security forces persist across the country. The international community watches closely, weighing responses to a complex and evolving crisis that extends far beyond the ballot box.

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