Unraveling the Colonial Roots Behind the Thailand-Cambodia Border Conflict

Deeply entrenched colonial-era decisions continue to cast a long shadow over relations between Thailand and Cambodia, fueling modern-day border disputes. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, French colonial powers imposed artificial boundaries that paid little heed to ethnic or historical realities, sowing seeds of discord that remain unresolved. The drawing of the border around the Preah Vihear temple, a culturally significant site, exemplifies this legacy. These imposed borders have since become flashpoints for nationalist sentiment, with both nations asserting sovereign claims fueled by historical narratives and nationalist pride.

Compounding these tensions are interpretations of historical treaties and fluctuating political landscapes:

• 1893 Franco-Siamese Treaty: Established vague territorial divisions, particularly in the Dangrek mountain range.
• 1904 and 1907 agreements: Redrew certain areas but left key cultural sites ambiguously assigned.
• Post-colonial nationalism: Both states leverage history to consolidate domestic support amid regional competition.

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